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Vimalakirti Sutra
The ''Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra'' ((サンスクリット:विमलकीर्तिनिर्देशसूत्र)) or ''Vimalakīrti Sūtra'' is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra. Sometimes used in the title, the word ''nirdeśa'' means "instruction, advice". The sutra teaches, among other subjects, the meaning of nondualism. It contains a report of a teaching addressed to both arhats and bodhisattvas by the upāsaka (lay practitioner) Vimalakīrti, who expounds the doctrine of śūnyatā to them. This culminates with the wordless teaching of silence.
The sutra has been influential in East Asian Buddhism for its "brash humor" and flexibility. It has also been influential in Mahayana Buddhism for its inclusiveness and respect for non-monastic practitioners as well as stating the equal role of women in Buddhism.
==Origins==
Translator Burton Watson argues that the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra was likely composed in India in approximately 100 CE. It was translated into Chinese several times, first in 188 CE which was lost over time. This translation was made by the Kuṣāṇa monk Lokakṣema, who came to China from the kingdom of Gandhāra. The sūtra was translated six more times at later dates, with two especially influential translations are the Kumārajīva version (406 CE), which is the most widely used and the Xuanzang version (650 CE). Chos-nyid-tshul-khrims also translated it into Tibetan in the 9th century. Most Japanese versions are based on the Chinese ''Kumarajiva'' version. In 1999, Prof. Hisao Takahashi of Taisho University discovered a Sanskrit original among the Chinese Government's Potala collection in Tibet. Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods then made available in 2007 a Romanized Sanskrit version of what was named as ''Āryavimalakīrtinirdeśo Nāma Mahāyānasūtram''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://samsara.codeplex.com/SourceControl/network/forks/lrongxiang/theordinaryenlightenment/latest#vimalakirtinirdesa.sutram.oxps )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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